Simple nevus: symptoms, photos, AI check 🟢 ICD-10: D22 | ICD-11: 2F20

A simple nevus is a benign skin lesion, usually appearing as a small spot or slightly raised brown nodule. Most of the time, it is a typical mole that is harmless and does not require treatment. Nevi are not contagious and cannot be passed from person to person.

They can be congenital (present from birth) or develop throughout life. Many people have several moles, sometimes numerous, which is normal. A simple nevus generally remains stable and does not cause any symptoms.

What to do if you notice one

If you see a mole or a skin change, remain calm and take these steps:

1. Consult a dermatologist — they are the specialists trained to evaluate skin lesions.
2. Pay attention to:
   • Changes in color, shape, or size
   • Appearance of itching, pain, or bleeding
   • Frequent trauma (from clothing or jewelry)

Avoid self-treatment or attempting removal, as this can complicate diagnosis and lead to complications. Early evaluation ensures dangerous changes are ruled out and treatment is provided if needed.

Appearance

A simple nevus typically:

• Is a flat or slightly raised spot
• Has a round or oval shape
• Has smooth, well-defined borders
• Color ranges from light brown to dark brown, usually even; sometimes the center is slightly darker
• Size is usually up to 1 cm, but congenital nevi can be larger

Common locations: trunk and limbs, less commonly the face and neck. On palms and soles, nevi can look different due to skin structure.

Over time, nevi may change slightly, especially in childhood, but generally remain stable.

Main symptoms

Most simple nevi do not cause symptoms:

• No pain
• No itching
• No discomfort

Occasionally, hairs may grow from a mole, which is normal. Any new sensations such as itching, burning, or pain should be checked by a doctor.

Causes

Exact causes are unclear, but contributing factors include:

Internal:

• Genetic predisposition
• Hormonal changes (adolescence, pregnancy)

External:

• Ultraviolet exposure (sun, tanning beds)
• Skin trauma
• Certain radiation or infections

Essentially, nevi arise from a cluster of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes).

Development

A nevus forms when melanocytes accumulate in one area, producing a darker patch of skin. This is a gradual process and usually does not cause inflammation or pain.

Types and variations

Simple nevi can differ by:

• Size (small, large, or giant)
• Onset (congenital or acquired)
• Location (palms and soles may have distinctive patterns)

These variations typically do not affect safety.

When to see a doctor

Consult a dermatologist if:

• The mole grows rapidly
• Changes shape or becomes asymmetrical
• Borders become irregular or blurred
• Color changes or becomes uneven
• Itchiness, pain, or bleeding appears

Also show moles that are frequently traumatized.

Treatment

Most simple nevi do not require treatment.

If removal is needed, it is performed surgically, often with subsequent microscopic examination to confirm benign nature.

Key principles:

• Protect the skin and avoid trauma
• Monitor changes over time
• Individualized treatment decided by a doctor

Do not attempt self-removal or use aggressive methods.

Q&A

Can a mole be removed?

Yes, if necessary; the doctor decides after examination.

Are moles dangerous?

Most simple nevi are safe and pose no health risk.

Can a mole become cancerous?

Rarely, but the risk increases with significant changes. Monitoring is important.

Can you sunbathe with moles?

Yes, but protect your skin from excessive sun using sunscreen.

Do all moles need removal?

No, only those that are suspicious or frequently injured.

Why do new moles appear?

Hormonal changes or sun exposure may trigger new nevi.

Can moles be injured?

Avoid trauma. Seek medical advice if damaged.

How often should moles be checked?

Self-examine yearly and consult a specialist if changes occur.

Sources

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)
• National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology
• DermNet NZ

Images of simple nevus