Seborrheic dermatitis: symptoms, photos, AI analysis ⚠️ ICD-10: L21 | ICD-11: EA81

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes redness, flaking, and sometimes itching. It most often occurs in areas with a high concentration of sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, and behind the ears.

This condition is not contagious and usually does not lead to hair loss, but it can cause significant cosmetic discomfort. Symptoms may range from mild (such as dandruff) to more noticeable inflammation.

Seborrheic dermatitis often follows a relapsing course, with periods of improvement followed by flare-ups. In most cases, it can be managed with proper care and treatment.

What to do if suspected

If you notice scalp flaking, facial redness, or greasy scales, it is important not to ignore the symptoms.

The first step is to see a dermatologist. The specialist will examine the skin and may order additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Additionally:

• pay attention to factors that may worsen symptoms (stress, cold weather, cosmetics)
• avoid harsh skincare products
• do not attempt self-treatment without understanding the cause

Timely consultation helps select appropriate treatment faster and reduces the frequency of flare-ups.

How it looks

Seborrheic dermatitis can vary in appearance depending on location.

Common signs include:

• skin redness
• flaking (dry or oily)
• white or yellowish scales

Typical affected areas:

• scalp (dandruff)
• eyebrows, eyelashes
• around the nose and forehead
• behind the ears
• upper chest and back

In some cases, the skin may look waxy or slightly shiny. Itching may be absent or mild.

Below in the article you can view real photos to better understand how the condition looks.

Main symptoms

Common symptoms include:

• skin flaking (dandruff on the scalp)
• redness
• oily or dry scales
• mild itching

In more severe cases:

• skin irritation
• thick scaly patches
• discomfort in affected areas

Causes

The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood.

It is believed to be linked to:

• activity of yeast-like fungi that normally live on the skin
• sebaceous gland activity
• individual skin sensitivity

Factors that may trigger or worsen symptoms:

• stress
• cold and dry weather
• hormonal changes
• harsh skincare products
• reduced immune function

Certain medical conditions may also increase the risk.

How it develops

The skin naturally hosts microorganisms, including yeast-like fungi. Under normal conditions, they do not cause problems.

When conditions change, their activity increases. This can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to redness and flaking.

At the same time, sebum production may increase, making scales appear oily and more noticeable.

The condition is often chronic, with recurring flare-ups.

Forms and types

Seborrheic dermatitis may present in different forms:

• mild form — dandruff only
• moderate form — redness and flaking on the face and scalp
• severe form — widespread affected areas

In infants, it may appear as thick scales on the scalp.

When to see a doctor

See a specialist if:

• symptoms are persistent or worsening
• the condition spreads to the face or body
• significant redness or irritation appears
• treatments you tried are not effective

It is also important to consult a doctor to rule out other skin conditions with similar symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment depends on severity and location.

Main approaches:

• medicated shampoos for scalp involvement
• topical anti-inflammatory treatments
• basic skin care to maintain skin balance

Additionally:

• use gentle cleansers regularly
• avoid harsh cosmetics
• do not irritate or damage the skin

If needed, a doctor may prescribe additional treatments, especially in more severe cases.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic condition, so treatment may need to be repeated during flare-ups.

Q&A

Can seborrheic dermatitis be cured?

The underlying tendency cannot be completely eliminated, but symptoms can usually be well controlled.

Is it contagious?

No, seborrheic dermatitis is not transmitted from person to person.

Do medicated shampoos help?

Yes, especially for scalp involvement, as they reduce flaking and inflammation.

Why does dandruff occur?

Dandruff is one of the manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis caused by scalp flaking.

Can it go away on its own?

Sometimes symptoms improve, but without maintenance care it often returns.

Can I use cosmetics?

Yes, but it is better to choose gentle, non-irritating products.

Is it dangerous?

Usually not, but it can cause significant discomfort and cosmetic concerns.

Why do symptoms worsen in winter?

Cold and dry air can worsen skin condition.

Check Your Skin Instantly

Use the Rash identifier app – Skinive AI to take a photo of a skin lesion and get an AI-based risk assessment. It helps determine whether professional consultation is recommended, giving you fast guidance and peace of mind.

Used medical sources

• World Health Organization (WHO) — Skin conditions
• Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology, 9th Edition
• European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Guidelines
• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) — Seborrheic dermatitis
• Clinical Dermatology (Bolognia et al.)

Images of seborrheic dermatitis: